B+ Tree is an advanced method of ISAM file organization. It uses the same concept of key-index, but in a tree like structure. B+ tree is similar to binary search tree, but it can have more than two leaf nodes. It stores all the records only at the leaf node. Intermediary nodes will have pointers toRead more
B+ Tree is an advanced method of ISAM file organization. It uses the same concept of key-index, but in a tree like structure. B+ tree is similar to binary search tree, but it can have more than two leaf nodes. It stores all the records only at the leaf node. Intermediary nodes will have pointers to the leaf nodes. They do not contain any data/records.
B+ Tree are used to store the large amount of data which can not be stored in the main memory. Due to the fact that, size of main memory is always limited, the internal nodes (keys to access records) of the B+ tree are stored in the main memory whereas, leaf nodes are stored in the secondary memory.
B+ Tree Applications
Multilevel Indexing
Faster operations on the tree (insertion, deletion, search)
∀x F ood(x) → Likes(John, x) F ood(Apples) F ood(Chicken) ∀x∃y Eats(y, x)∧ ¬KilledBy(y, x) → F ood(x) Eats(Bill, P eanuts)∧¬KilledBy(Bill, P eanuts) ∀x Eats(Bill, x) → Eats(Sue, x)
Knowledge representation: Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR, KRR) is the part of Artificial intelligence which concerned with AI agents thinking and how thinking contributes to intelligent behavior of agents. It is responsible for representing information about the real world so that a compRead more
Knowledge representation:
Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR, KRR) is the part of Artificial intelligence which concerned with AI agents thinking and how thinking contributes to intelligent behavior of agents.
It is responsible for representing information about the real world so that a computer can understand and can utilize this knowledge to solve the complex real world problems such as diagnosis a medical condition or communicating with humans in natural language.
It is also a way which describes how we can represent knowledge in artificial intelligence. Knowledge representation is not just storing data into some database, but it also enables an intelligent machine to learn from that knowledge and experiences so that it can behave intelligently like a human.
Following are the various types of knowledge:
1. Declarative Knowledge:
Declarative knowledge is to know about something.
It includes concepts, facts, and objects.
It is also called descriptive knowledge and expressed in declarativesentences.
It is simpler than procedural language.
2. Procedural Knowledge
It is also known as imperative knowledge.
Procedural knowledge is a type of knowledge which is responsible for knowing how to do something.
It can be directly applied to any task.
It includes rules, strategies, procedures, agendas, etc.
Procedural knowledge depends on the task on which it can be applied.
3. Meta-knowledge:
Knowledge about the other types of knowledge is called Meta-knowledge.
4. Heuristic knowledge:
Heuristic knowledge is representing knowledge of some experts in a filed or subject.
Heuristic knowledge is rules of thumb based on previous experiences, awareness of approaches, and which are good to work but not guaranteed.
5. Structural knowledge:
Structural knowledge is basic knowledge to problem-solving.
It describes relationships between various concepts such as kind of, part of, and grouping of something.
It describes the relationship that exists between concepts or objects.
Define all single rotations and double rotations with examples.
Define all single rotations and double rotations with examples. Answer: Download the Below attachment For the Answer: Vote Up the answer
Define all single rotations and double rotations with examples.
Answer:
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Vote Up the answer
See lessWrite C program to find BFS and DFS of any graph.
Q.Write C program to find BFS and DFS of any graph. Answer: Click on the attachment link to download the answer.
Q.Write C program to find BFS and DFS of any graph.
Answer:
Click on the attachment link to download the answer.
See lessWhat is B+ tree? Write down its applications in file organization.
B+ Tree is an advanced method of ISAM file organization. It uses the same concept of key-index, but in a tree like structure. B+ tree is similar to binary search tree, but it can have more than two leaf nodes. It stores all the records only at the leaf node. Intermediary nodes will have pointers toRead more
B+ Tree is an advanced method of ISAM file organization. It uses the same concept of key-index, but in a tree like structure. B+ tree is similar to binary search tree, but it can have more than two leaf nodes. It stores all the records only at the leaf node. Intermediary nodes will have pointers to the leaf nodes. They do not contain any data/records.
B+ Tree are used to store the large amount of data which can not be stored in the main memory. Due to the fact that, size of main memory is always limited, the internal nodes (keys to access records) of the B+ tree are stored in the main memory whereas, leaf nodes are stored in the secondary memory.
B+ Tree Applications
- Multilevel Indexing
- Faster operations on the tree (insertion, deletion, search)
- Database indexing
See lessIn a random sample of 200 people in a city, 108 like to purchase imported watches and the remaining like to …
DOWNLOAD BELOW ATTACHMENT FOR ANSWER:
DOWNLOAD BELOW ATTACHMENT FOR ANSWER:
See lessTranslate these sentences into formulas in predicate logic. Johnlikes all kinds of food. Applesare food. Chickenis food. Anythinganyone eats and …
∀x F ood(x) → Likes(John, x) F ood(Apples) F ood(Chicken) ∀x∃y Eats(y, x)∧ ¬KilledBy(y, x) → F ood(x) Eats(Bill, P eanuts)∧¬KilledBy(Bill, P eanuts) ∀x Eats(Bill, x) → Eats(Sue, x)
- ∀x F ood(x) → Likes(John, x)
- F ood(Apples)
- F ood(Chicken)
- ∀x∃y Eats(y, x)∧ ¬KilledBy(y, x) → F ood(x)
- Eats(Bill, P eanuts)∧¬KilledBy(Bill, P eanuts)
- ∀x Eats(Bill, x) → Eats(Sue, x)
See lessDiscuss Forward Versus Backward Reasoning. Describe the different approaches to Knowledge Representation in AI.
Knowledge representation: Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR, KRR) is the part of Artificial intelligence which concerned with AI agents thinking and how thinking contributes to intelligent behavior of agents. It is responsible for representing information about the real world so that a compRead more
Knowledge representation:
Following are the various types of knowledge:
1. Declarative Knowledge:
2. Procedural Knowledge
3. Meta-knowledge:
4. Heuristic knowledge:
5. Structural knowledge:
- Structural knowledge is basic knowledge to problem-solving.
- It describes relationships between various concepts such as kind of, part of, and grouping of something.
- It describes the relationship that exists between concepts or objects.
See less