Production rules system consist of (condition, action) pairs which mean, “If condition then action”. It has mainly three parts:

• The set of production rules
• Working Memory
• The recognize-act-cycle

In production rules agent checks for the condition and if the condition exists then production rule fires and corresponding action is carried out. The condition part of the rule determines which rule may be applied to a problem. And the action part carries out the associated problem-solving steps. This complete process is called a recognize-act cycle.

The working memory contains the description of the current state of problems-solving and rule can write knowledge to the working memory. This knowledge match and may fire other rules.

If there is a new situation (state) generates, then multiple production rules will be fired together, this is called conflict set. In this situation, the agent needs to select a rule from these sets, and it is called a conflict resolution.

Example:

• IF (at bus stop AND bus arrives) THEN action (get into the bus)
• IF (on the bus AND paid AND empty seat) THEN action (sit down).
• IF (on bus AND unpaid) THEN action (pay charges).
• IF (bus arrives at destination) THEN action (get down from the bus).

If two computers with the same IP connected to the same LAN want to share information then maybe they cause IP Conflicts.

As An IP conflict occurs when two or more devices in the same network share an IP address. This clash causes one or both devices to stop communicating with the rest of the network, which could lead to a slew of problems. Figuring out how to find IP conflicts, as well as how to fix an IP conflict when it occurs, is crucial to the health of your network and its devices.

The network layer is more intelligent than the data-link layer mainly because the network layer has a broader view of the network than the data-link layer. The data-link layer (Ethernet, WiFI, etc.) talks about network cards, links between them and local networks. The network layer (mainly IP) talks about IP addresses and how hosts must route a network packet to achieve an end-to-end communication.

And Also,

In OSI model Network layer is responsible for ‘source-to-destination’ delivery of a packet possibly across the multiple networks( links ),whereas the data link layer oversees the delivery of the packets btw ‘two’ systems on same network.