Follow the below link: https://sikshapath.in/question/write-a-python-program-to-combine-two-dictionary-adding-values-for-common-keys-d1-a-100-b-200-c300d2-2/
Q2) Discuss Forward Versus Backward Reasoning. ANSWER: The forward reasoning is data-driven approach while backward reasoning is a goal driven. The process starts with new data and facts in the forward reasoning. Conversely, backward reasoning begins with the results. Forward reasoning aims to deterRead more
Q2) Discuss Forward Versus Backward Reasoning.
ANSWER:
The forward reasoning is data-driven approach while backward reasoning is a goal driven.
The process starts with new data and facts in the forward reasoning. Conversely, backward reasoning begins with the results.
Forward reasoning aims to determine the result followed by some sequences. On the other hand, backward reasoning emphasis on the acts that support the conclusion.
The forward reasoning is an opportunistic approach because it could produce different results. As against, in backward reasoning, a specific goal can only have certain predetermined initial data which makes it restricted.
The flow of the forward reasoning is from the antecedent to consequent while backward reasoning works in reverse order in which it starts from conclusion to incipient.
Q1) What are the issues in knowledge representation in artificial intelligence? knowledge representation: Artificial intelligence is a system that is concerned with the study of understanding, designing and implementing the ways, associated with knowledge representation to computers. In anyRead more
Q1) What are the issues in knowledge representation in artificial intelligence?
knowledge representation:
Artificial intelligence is a system that is concerned with the study of understanding, designing and implementing the ways, associated with knowledge representation to computers.
In any intelligent system, representing the knowledge is supposed to be an important technique to encode the knowledge.
The main objective of AI system is to design the programs that provide information to the computer, which can be helpful to interact with humans and solve problems in various fields which require human intelligence.
Issues in knowledge representation:
The main objective of knowledge representation is to draw the conclusions from the knowledge, but there are many issues associated with the use of knowledge representation techniques.
Refer to the above diagram to refer to the following issues.
Choosing the granularity of representation:
While deciding the granularity of representation, it is necessary to know the following:
i. What are the primitives and at what level should the knowledge be represented?
ii. What should be the number (small or large) of low-level primitives or high-level facts?
High-level facts may be insufficient to draw the conclusion while Low-level primitives may require a lot of storage.
For example: Suppose that we are interested in following facts:
John spotted Alex.
Now, this could be represented as “Spotted (agent(John), object (Alex))”
Such a representation can make it easy to answer questions such as: Who spotted Alex?
Suppose we want to know : “Did John see Sue?”
Given only one fact, user cannot discover that answer.
Hence, the user can add other facts, such as “Spotted (x, y) → saw (x, y)”
Representing sets of objects.
There are some properties of objects which satisfy the condition of a set together but not as individual;
Example: Consider the assertion made in the sentences:
“There are more sheep than people in Australia”, and “English speakers can be found all over the world.”
These facts can be described by including an assertion to the sets representing people, sheep, and English.
Q2)Write down the mode 0 control words of 8255 for the following two cases: (a) Port A = Input port, Port B = not used, Port CU = Input port and Port CL = Output port. (b) Port A = Output port, Port B = Input port, Port C = Output port ANSWER: GO THROUGH BELOW LINK FOR ANSWER: https://sikshapRead more
Q2)Write down the mode 0 control words of 8255 for the following two cases:
(a) Port A = Input port, Port B = not used, Port CU = Input port and Port CL = Output port.
(b) Port A = Output port, Port B = Input port, Port C = Output port
Q1) Elaborate the usage of following registers in 8259 Interrupt Request Register (IRR):The IRR is used to store all the interrupt levels which are requesting service. In-Service Register (ISR): ISR is used to store all the interrupt levels which are being serviced. Priority Resolver:Read more
Q1) Elaborate the usage of following registers in 8259
Interrupt Request Register (IRR):The IRR is used to store all the interrupt levels which are requesting service.
In-Service Register (ISR): ISR is used to store all the interrupt levels which are being serviced.
Priority Resolver: It examines all the three registers and set the priority of interrupts and according to the priority of the interrupts, interrupt with highest priority is set in ISR register. Also, it reset the interrupt level which is already been serviced in IRR.
Interrupt Mask Register (IMR): The IMR stores the bits which mask the interrupt lines to be masked. It stores the interrupt level which have to be masked by storing the masking bits of the interrupt level.
Control Logic Section: The function of this block is to accept OUTput commands from the CPU. It contains the Initialization Command Word (ICW) registers and Operation Command Word (OCW) registers which store the various control formats for device operation. This function block also allows the status of the 8259A to be transferred onto the Data Bus.
ANSWER: Host to host communication is the one which takes place between one host and the other host(computer). IP protocol is used. Process to Process communication refers to the communication between two processes on the hosts. UDP protocol is used to deliver the message from the host to theRead more
ANSWER:
Host to host communication is the one which takes place between one host and the other host(computer). IP protocol is used.
Process to Process communication refers to the communication between two processes on the
hosts. UDP protocol is used to deliver the message from the host to the process.
Thus UDP and IP protocols play a major role in the delivery of the message to the particular
process ( the difference being IP delivers the message to the destination host.UDP delivers
the message from the host to the process that is in the host).
On the basis of dictionary learning write and give the output of the followings programs Write a Python program to …
Follow the below link: https://sikshapath.in/question/write-a-python-program-to-combine-two-dictionary-adding-values-for-common-keys-d1-a-100-b-200-c300d2-2/
Follow the below link:
See lessWhat are the issues in knowledge representation in artificial intelligence?
Q2) Discuss Forward Versus Backward Reasoning. ANSWER: The forward reasoning is data-driven approach while backward reasoning is a goal driven. The process starts with new data and facts in the forward reasoning. Conversely, backward reasoning begins with the results. Forward reasoning aims to deterRead more
Q2) Discuss Forward Versus Backward Reasoning.
ANSWER:
See lessWhat are the issues in knowledge representation in artificial intelligence?
Q1) What are the issues in knowledge representation in artificial intelligence? knowledge representation: Artificial intelligence is a system that is concerned with the study of understanding, designing and implementing the ways, associated with knowledge representation to computers. In anyRead more
Q1) What are the issues in knowledge representation in artificial intelligence?
knowledge representation:
Issues in knowledge representation:
The main objective of knowledge representation is to draw the conclusions from the knowledge, but there are many issues associated with the use of knowledge representation techniques.
Refer to the above diagram to refer to the following issues.
Choosing the granularity of representation:
While deciding the granularity of representation, it is necessary to know the following:
i. What are the primitives and at what level should the knowledge be represented?
ii. What should be the number (small or large) of low-level primitives or high-level facts?
High-level facts may be insufficient to draw the conclusion while Low-level primitives may require a lot of storage.
For example: Suppose that we are interested in following facts:
John spotted Alex.
Now, this could be represented as “Spotted (agent(John), object (Alex))”
Such a representation can make it easy to answer questions such as: Who spotted Alex?
Suppose we want to know : “Did John see Sue?”
Given only one fact, user cannot discover that answer.
Hence, the user can add other facts, such as “Spotted (x, y) → saw (x, y)”
Representing sets of objects.
There are some properties of objects which satisfy the condition of a set together but not as individual;
Example: Consider the assertion made in the sentences:
“There are more sheep than people in Australia”, and “English speakers can be found all over the world.”
These facts can be described by including an assertion to the sets representing people, sheep, and English.
See lessElaborate the usage of following registers in 8259 Interrupt Request Register (IRR) In-Service Register (ISR) Priority Resolver
Q2)Write down the mode 0 control words of 8255 for the following two cases: (a) Port A = Input port, Port B = not used, Port CU = Input port and Port CL = Output port. (b) Port A = Output port, Port B = Input port, Port C = Output port ANSWER: GO THROUGH BELOW LINK FOR ANSWER: https://sikshapRead more
Q2)Write down the mode 0 control words of 8255 for the following two cases:
(a) Port A = Input port, Port B = not used, Port CU = Input port and Port CL = Output port.
(b) Port A = Output port, Port B = Input port, Port C = Output port
ANSWER:
GO THROUGH BELOW LINK FOR ANSWER:
See lessElaborate the usage of following registers in 8259 Interrupt Request Register (IRR) In-Service Register (ISR) Priority Resolver
Q1) Elaborate the usage of following registers in 8259 Interrupt Request Register (IRR):The IRR is used to store all the interrupt levels which are requesting service. In-Service Register (ISR): ISR is used to store all the interrupt levels which are being serviced. Priority Resolver:Read more
Q1) Elaborate the usage of following registers in 8259
- Control Logic Section: The function of this block is to accept OUTput commands from the CPU. It contains the Initialization Command Word (ICW) registers and Operation Command Word (OCW) registers which store the various control formats for device operation. This function block also allows the status of the 8259A to be transferred onto the Data Bus.
See lessDifferentiate between a process-to-process and host-to-host delivery?
ANSWER: Host to host communication is the one which takes place between one host and the other host(computer). IP protocol is used. Process to Process communication refers to the communication between two processes on the hosts. UDP protocol is used to deliver the message from the host to theRead more
ANSWER:
Host to host communication is the one which takes place between one host and the other host(computer). IP protocol is used.
Process to Process communication refers to the communication between two processes on the
hosts. UDP protocol is used to deliver the message from the host to the process.
Thus UDP and IP protocols play a major role in the delivery of the message to the particular
See lessprocess ( the difference being IP delivers the message to the destination host.UDP delivers
the message from the host to the process that is in the host).