Propositional logic (PL) is the simplest form of logic where all the statements are made by propositions. A proposition is a declarative statement which is either true or false. It is a technique of knowledge representation in logical and mathematical form. Example: 1. It is Sunday. 2. The SunRead more
Propositional logic (PL) is the simplest form of logic where all the statements are made by propositions. A proposition is a declarative statement which is either true or false. It is a technique of knowledge representation in logical and mathematical form.
Example:
1. It is Sunday.
2. The Sun rises from West (False proposition)
some basic facts about propositional logic:
Propositional logic is also called Boolean logic as it works on 0 and 1.
In propositional logic, we use symbolic variables to represent the logic, and we can use any symbol for a representing a proposition, such A, B, C, P, Q, R, etc.
Propositions can be either true or false, but it cannot be both.
Propositional logic consists of an object, relations or function, and logical connectives.
These connectives are also called logical operators.
The propositions and connectives are the basic elements of the propositional logic.
Connectives can be said as a logical operator which connects two sentences.
A proposition formula which is always true is called tautology, and it is also called a valid sentence.
A proposition formula which is always false is called Contradiction.
A proposition formula which has both true and false values is called
Statements which are questions, commands, or opinions are not propositions such as “Where is Rohini“, “How are you“, “What is your name“, are not propositions.
Logical Connectives:
Negation: A sentence such as ¬ P is called negation of P. A literal can be either Positive literal or negative literal.
Conjunction: A sentence which has ∧ connective such as, P ∧ Q is called a conjunction.
Disjunction: A sentence which has ∨ connective, such as P ∨ Q. is called disjunction, where P and Q are the propositions.
Implication: A sentence such as P → Q, is called an implication. Implications are also known as if-then rules.
Biconditional: A sentence such as P⇔ Q is a Biconditional sentence, example If I am breathing, then I am alive
A knowledge-based agent can be viewed at different levels which are given below: 1. Knowledge level Knowledge level is the first level of knowledge-based agent, and in this level, we need to specify what the agent knows, and what the agent goals are. With these specifications, we can fix its behavioRead more
A knowledge-based agent can be viewed at different levels which are given below:
1. Knowledge level
Knowledge level is the first level of knowledge-based agent, and in this level, we need to specify what the agent knows, and what the agent goals are. With these specifications, we can fix its behavior. For example, suppose an automated taxi agent needs to go from a station A to station B, and he knows the way from A to B, so this comes at the knowledge level.
2. Logical level:
At this level, we understand that how the knowledge representation of knowledge is stored. At this level, sentences are encoded into different logics. At the logical level, an encoding of knowledge into logical sentences occurs. At the logical level we can expect to the automated taxi agent to reach to the destination B.
3. Implementation level:
This is the physical representation of logic and knowledge. At the implementation level agent perform actions as per logical and knowledge level. At this level, an automated taxi agent actually implement his knowledge and logic so that he can reach to the destination.
There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:
Declarative approach: We can create a knowledge-based agent by initializing with an empty knowledge base and telling the agent all the sentences with which we want to start with. This approach is called Declarative approach.
Procedural approach: In the procedural approach, we directly encode desired behavior as a program code. Which means we just need to write a program that already encodes the desired behavior or agent.
However, in the real world, a successful agent can be built by combining both declarative and procedural approaches, and declarative knowledge can often be compiled into more efficient procedural code.
Q2//Advise the manager of the shop you have chosen on what they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors. Answer: Things they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors: Cost Leadership: In a cost leadership strategy, the objective is to become tRead more
Q2//Advise the manager of the shop you have chosen on what they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors.
Answer:
Things they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors:
Cost Leadership: In a cost leadership strategy, the objective is to become the lowest-cost producer. This is achieved through large-scale production, where companies can exploit economies of scale.
If a company is able to utilize economies of scale and produce products at a cost lower than that of its competitors, the company is then able to establish a selling price that is unable to be replicated by other companies.
Differentiation: In a differentiation strategy, a company’s products or services are differentiated from that of its competitors. This can be done by delivering high-quality products or services to customers or innovating products or services.
If a company is able to differentiate successfully, the company would then be able to set a premium price on its products or services.
Focus:In a focus strategy, a company focuses on a narrow target market segment. This strategy is successful if the company is able to successfully create products/services that can cater to these customers. The focus strategy also has two variants;
Cost-focus: Lowest-cost producer in a narrow market segment
Differentiation-focus: Differentiated products/services in a narrow market segment
Q1.Analyse an online shop of your choice and explore any 4 benefits that are being experienced by the shop. ANSWER: Let's take the example of amzon[dot]com: Benefits: Amazon has the best prices available anywhere. With so many items listed and such a large base of sellers competing with each other,Read more
Q1.Analyse an online shop of your choice and explore any 4 benefits that are being experienced by the shop.
ANSWER:
Let’s take the example of amzon[dot]com:
Benefits:
Amazon has the best prices available anywhere. With so many items listed and such a large base of sellers competing with each other, the buyer gets the best possible price.
It’s a very reliable company.
Returns are easy, products are great as well as prices.
They have a great website that makes it nice to shop from.
They sell everything to the point that people really don’t need to leave home.
GO THROUGH THE BELOW LINK FOR ANSWER: https://sikshapath.in/question/a-shift-a-16-bit-number-to-left-by1-bit-bshift-a-16-bit-number-to-left-by2-bits-please-give-their-instruction/
What is propositional logic? What are the elements of propositional logic? Providethe suitable example.
Propositional logic (PL) is the simplest form of logic where all the statements are made by propositions. A proposition is a declarative statement which is either true or false. It is a technique of knowledge representation in logical and mathematical form. Example: 1. It is Sunday. 2. The SunRead more
Propositional logic (PL) is the simplest form of logic where all the statements are made by propositions. A proposition is a declarative statement which is either true or false. It is a technique of knowledge representation in logical and mathematical form.
Example:
1. It is Sunday.
2. The Sun rises from West (False proposition)
some basic facts about propositional logic:
Logical Connectives:
- Negation: A sentence such as ¬ P is called negation of P. A literal can be either Positive literal or negative literal.
- Conjunction: A sentence which has ∧ connective such as, P ∧ Q is called a conjunction.
- Disjunction: A sentence which has ∨ connective, such as P ∨ Q. is called disjunction, where P and Q are the propositions.
- Implication: A sentence such as P → Q, is called an implication. Implications are also known as if-then rules.
- Biconditional: A sentence such as P⇔ Q is a Biconditional sentence, example If I am breathing, then I am alive
See lessWhat are the levels in Structuring of knowledge?
A knowledge-based agent can be viewed at different levels which are given below: 1. Knowledge level Knowledge level is the first level of knowledge-based agent, and in this level, we need to specify what the agent knows, and what the agent goals are. With these specifications, we can fix its behavioRead more
A knowledge-based agent can be viewed at different levels which are given below:
1. Knowledge level
Knowledge level is the first level of knowledge-based agent, and in this level, we need to specify what the agent knows, and what the agent goals are. With these specifications, we can fix its behavior. For example, suppose an automated taxi agent needs to go from a station A to station B, and he knows the way from A to B, so this comes at the knowledge level.
2. Logical level:
At this level, we understand that how the knowledge representation of knowledge is stored. At this level, sentences are encoded into different logics. At the logical level, an encoding of knowledge into logical sentences occurs. At the logical level we can expect to the automated taxi agent to reach to the destination B.
3. Implementation level:
This is the physical representation of logic and knowledge. At the implementation level agent perform actions as per logical and knowledge level. At this level, an automated taxi agent actually implement his knowledge and logic so that he can reach to the destination.
There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:
However, in the real world, a successful agent can be built by combining both declarative and procedural approaches, and declarative knowledge can often be compiled into more efficient procedural code.
See lessAnalyse an online shop of your choice and explore any 4 benefits that are being experienced by the shop. Advise …
Q2//Advise the manager of the shop you have chosen on what they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors. Answer: Things they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors: Cost Leadership: In a cost leadership strategy, the objective is to become tRead more
Q2//Advise the manager of the shop you have chosen on what they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors.
Answer:
Things they can do to maintain a competitive advantage against their competitors:
Cost Leadership: In a cost leadership strategy, the objective is to become the lowest-cost producer. This is achieved through large-scale production, where companies can exploit economies of scale.
If a company is able to utilize economies of scale and produce products at a cost lower than that of its competitors, the company is then able to establish a selling price that is unable to be replicated by other companies.
Differentiation: In a differentiation strategy, a company’s products or services are differentiated from that of its competitors. This can be done by delivering high-quality products or services to customers or innovating products or services.
If a company is able to differentiate successfully, the company would then be able to set a premium price on its products or services.
Focus:In a focus strategy, a company focuses on a narrow target market segment. This strategy is successful if the company is able to successfully create products/services that can cater to these customers. The focus strategy also has two variants;
See lessAnalyse an online shop of your choice and explore any 4 benefits that are being experienced by the shop. Advise …
Q1.Analyse an online shop of your choice and explore any 4 benefits that are being experienced by the shop. ANSWER: Let's take the example of amzon[dot]com: Benefits: Amazon has the best prices available anywhere. With so many items listed and such a large base of sellers competing with each other,Read more
Q1.Analyse an online shop of your choice and explore any 4 benefits that are being experienced by the shop.
ANSWER:
Let’s take the example of amzon[dot]com:
Benefits:
- Amazon has the best prices available anywhere. With so many items listed and such a large base of sellers competing with each other, the buyer gets the best possible price.
- It’s a very reliable company.
- Returns are easy, products are great as well as prices.
- They have a great website that makes it nice to shop from.
- They sell everything to the point that people really don’t need to leave home.
See lessAIM : a) Shift a 16 -bit number to left by1-bit b)Shift a 16-bit number to left by2-bits.
GO THROUGH THE BELOW LINK FOR ANSWER: https://sikshapath.in/question/a-shift-a-16-bit-number-to-left-by1-bit-bshift-a-16-bit-number-to-left-by2-bits-please-give-their-instruction/
GO THROUGH THE BELOW LINK FOR ANSWER:
See lessa) Shift a 16 -bit number to left by1-bit b)Shift a 16-bit number to left by2-bits. please give their instruction …
DOWNLOAD THE BELOW ATTACHMENT FOR WORKSHEET:
DOWNLOAD THE BELOW ATTACHMENT FOR WORKSHEET:
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