Explain Memory Hierarchy in Computer Architecture.
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Level-0
At level-0,
Registers are present which are contained
inside the CPU.
Since they are present inside the CPU,
they have least access time.
They are most expensive and therefore
smallest in size (in KB).
Level-1
At level-1,
Cache Memory is present.
It stores the segments of program that are frequently accessed by the processor.
It is expensive and
therefore smaller in size (in MB).
Level-2
At level-2,
main memory is present.
It can communicate directly with the CPU and with auxiliary memory devices through an I/O processor.
It is less expensive than cache memory
and therefore larger in size (in few GB).
Level-3
At level-3,
Secondary storage devices like magnetic disk
are present.
They are used as back up storage.
They are cheaper than main memory
and therefore much larger in size (in few TB).
Level-4
At level-4,
Tertiary storage devices like magnetic tape
are present.
They are used to store removable files.
They are cheapest and largest in size
(1-20 TB).