Q2. Describe different Approaches To knowledge representation.

ANSWER:

There are 4 main approaches to knowledge representation in artificial intelligence, viz. simple relational knowledge, inheritable knowledge, inferential knowledge, and procedural knowledge.

• Simple Relational Knowledge

This is a relational method of storing facts which is among the simplest of the method. This method helps in storing facts where each fact regarding an object is providing in columns. This approach is prevalent in DBMS (database management systems).

• Inheritable Knowledge

Knowledge here is stored hierarchically. A well-structured hierarchy of classes is formed where data is stored, which provides the opportunity for inference. Here we can apply inheritance property, allowing us to have inheritable knowledge. This way, the relations between instance and class (aka instance relation) can be identified. Unlike Simple Relations, here, the objects are represented as nodes.

• Inferential Knowledge

In this method, logics are used. Being a very formal approach, facts can be retrieved with a high level of accuracy.

• Procedural Knowledge

This method uses programs and codes that use simple if-then rules. This is the way many programming languages such as LIST, Prolog save information. We may not use this method to represent all forms of knowledge, but domain-specific knowledge can very efficiently be stored in this manner.